RSV in adults: understanding risks and symptoms
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a respiratory virus common in children, but it can also impact older or immunocompromised adults. As the colder months approach, the risk of RSV increases, so it is vital to understand the risks, symptoms and ways to keep yourself safe.
What is RSV, and why does it affect adults?
RSV is a virus that changes the appearance of the lungs' cells. The word “syncytial” means cluster in Greek, which is how the cells appear when they are infected with the virus. The infection causes upper and lower respiratory symptoms, which are usually mild cold-like symptoms in healthy adults. Most adults will recover within a week or two.
However, those over the age of 75 or who are immunocompromised can be at risk of more severe symptoms and complications from RSV infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that between 100,000-160,000 adults are hospitalized with RSV annually, and the virus causes up to 10,000 deaths per year.
Symptoms of RSV in adults
Adults with RSV will begin to show symptoms within 4 to 6 days after being infected. Typically, symptoms are mild and resolve within two weeks but can become more severe in certain individuals who are high risk or over the age of 65.
Common RSV symptoms in adults
Symptoms of RSV in adults can include:
- Congestion
- Cough
- Decreased appetite
- Low-grade fever
- Runny nose
- Sneezing
- Wheezing
The symptoms may happen gradually or come on all at once.
Severe symptoms and complications
At times, RSV can worsen and cause severe symptoms. The virus can lead to pneumonia or bronchiolitis, conditions that may require hospitalization if they become severe. An RSV infection can also worsen other underlying chronic conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or congestive heart failure.
Other signs of worsening infection are shortness of breath, illness lasting longer than two weeks and signs of dehydration. Seek medical attention if your symptoms are worsening.
Risk factors for RSV in adults
As we mentioned, most healthy adults will only experience mild symptoms from an RSV infection. However, certain groups are at increased risk of complications.
Age and weakened immune systems
Older adults over the age of 75 tend to have decreased immune function compared to younger adults, particularly those living in nursing homes.
Adults of any age with certain health conditions that impact the immune system are also at risk of complications. These conditions may include heart, liver, kidney or lung disease.
Underlying health conditions
Other underlying health conditions may also increase the risk of severe RSV. These include:
- Asthma
- Blood-related illnesses, such as sickle cell
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Diabetes
- End-stage renal disease on dialysis
- Neurological conditions that cause breathing or swallowing difficulties
- Obesity (BMI over 40)
Adults over 60 with any of these conditions or who reside in nursing homes may be particularly at risk.
Prevention strategies for RSV in adults
While you can’t always prevent every virus that comes your way, there are many proactive steps you can take to lower your risk of RSV infection, particularly if you are in a high-risk group.
General preventive measures
Lowering your risk of RSV infection requires prevention measures similar to other illnesses. This may include:
- Avoid contact with people who have RSV.
- Avoid touching your face, particularly the eyes, nose and mouth.
- Avoid sharing eating utensils or cups.
- Cough or sneeze into your elbow or a tissue, not your hand.
- Disinfect high-touch surfaces frequently.
- Eat a healthy, balanced diet.
- Get 7-9 hours of sleep nightly.
- Wash your hands often or use hand sanitizer if you cannot.
RSV vaccine for adults
There is an RSV vaccine for adults over 75 or over 60 with medical conditions that put them at increased risk of complications. Speak with your healthcare provider about your options and which vaccines are recommended for you based on your medical history.
When to seek medical attention
Several respiratory viruses will likely circulate this fall and winter. If you are experiencing worsening symptoms related to RSV or another virus, a visit to one of our facilities can help you get the diagnosis and care you need. We typically do not test for RSV at our centers because treatment often involves addressing symptoms.
To help you get started, find the center nearest you and walk in or save your spot online. We are open 365 days a year to help you feel better.
References:
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/older-adults/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/high-risk/older-adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/symptoms/index.html
- Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Aging of the Immune System. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Dec;13 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):S422-S428. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201602-095AW. PMID: 28005419; PMCID: PMC5291468.
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/vaccines/older-adults.html
Medically reviewed by Dr. Betsy Koickel, MD on March 5th 2025.
